Organisational Culture Essay Online For Free - Free Essay Example

Organisational Culture and Change Culture within an organisational context is a widely explored paradigm. It is nature and mottled definitions have formed the basis of organisational study for many decades. From Handys cultural forms in the notorious Gods of Management3, to the Morganest metaphoric representations of the concept such as, culture as a web, an onion, or an iceberg6. Therefore, the contents of culture encompasses a wide range of organisational phenomena including surface features such as values and forms of expression: preconscious factors such as symbols and norms: and deep structures such as basic assumptions and worldviews (Pettigrew 1979; Frost et al 1985)7. They all imply that culture is an integral part of organisations, that without due consideration, development of strategy will ultimately lead to failure, leading to the assumption that culture should always fit with organisational strategy. Revenaugh2 suggests that most researchers assume that corporate culture is an important considera tion for understanding and effectively managing organisations, and thus supports that argument. Bringing me to the purpose of this essay, which is to explore the context of organisational culture in more depth and come to a more discernible conclusion about its relationship with strategic management. As a result of its wide and varying definitions, corporate culture can be hard to define, measure or manage; these definitions reveal culture to be a complex concept that involves many factors as suggested by numerous academics such as Pettigrew5. Thompson and Strickland (1987) offer this explanation: Every organisation is a unique culture, it has its own special history of how the organisation has been managed, its own set of ways of approaching problems and conducting activities, its own mix of managerial personalities and styles, its own established patterns of how we do things around here, its own legendary set of war stories and heroes, its own experiences of how changes h ave been instituted in other words, its own climate, folklore and organisation personality2. Naturally there are other definitions given but the basic thinking of this concept in organisational terms is twofold. As a component that represents the core of the organisation and its way of doing things or as its Achilles heel. The first view sees culture in terms of encapsulating distinctive competences8. The later though is often attributed to the term Icarus Paradox (Miller 1990)6. Miller argues that there is a tendency for organisations to become victims of the very success of their past. Here arises the concept of strategic drift, where an organisations response to the changing environment is often within the parameters of the organisations culture, which over time becomes more and more apparent. In this respect culture is traditionally seen as a preventative to change, which stifles innovation and results in a momentum of strategy that can lead to strategic drift. In shor t the organisations response to the business environment is internally constructed rather than objectively understood. This view therefore supports the assumption that strategic change must always be accompanied by an appropriate cultural change. The opposite of strategic drift is strategic fit. This is also known as the process of incremental development. Quinn (1980) and Lindblom (1958)11 have argued that incremental development in organisations is not only inevitable, but also logical. Managers are aware that it is not possible to know about all the influences that could affect the future of the organisation. So to cope with uncertainty, strategies must be developed in stages, carrying members of the organisation with them.This allows the organisation to try out new ideas and experiences to see which are likely to be effective and to stimulate commitment within the organisation through continual, but low scale change. Mintzberg and Waters (1985)9, argue that building t oo much upon what managers espouse is precarious because whether managers choose to follow the notion of logical incrementalism or not is irrelevant, because it doesnt automatically follow that they behave in such ways. This highlights the difference between the intended strategy and the one actually being followed the realised strategy. This difference is often attributed to some unseen internal power, which for the purpose of this essay we will call culture. The point is there has been a good deal of discussion in recent years about the formulation and implementation of strategy. Thus the argument Im trying to represent here is that for strategic change to be effective practitioners must bear in mind cultural constraints. In other words, the proposition that cultures should always fit with organisational strategy is correct but only because it assumes that culture can be measured and controlled. The rationalistic models (such as logical incrementalism) that have dominate d the complexity we call scientific management, are only the tip of the iceberg, and should only be seen as an integral part of a much wider process, as there are other explanations that explicate how managers cope with the complexity of managing change. Allaire and Firsirotu (1984)1 for instance suggest that how the organisation scans its environment is of major importance, that leadership, decision-making style, and organisational design are of significance to the process, but the argument put forward by Schein4 is that the concept of organisational culture embraces all of these variables, therefore organisational strategy is the outcome of organisational culture, not the other way around. If strategic change is viewed this way instead, what emerges is that the complexity that managers face cannot be objectively analysed, because managers hold to a set of core beliefs and assumptions. There is also likely to exist at some level a core set of beliefs and assumptions held r elatively common by managers, either called ideational cultures or myths (Hedberg and Jonsson, 1977)7. Either way this set of beliefs, embraces assumptions about the nature of the organisational environment, the nature of its leaders, and the operational routines seen as important to ensure the success of the given organisation. All these assumptions lead to the conclusion that whilst it would be necessary to modify corporate culture to ensure effective strategic change as the proposition suggests, given the nature of cultural paradigm its not always possible to adhere to that rule. Id suggest that an organisations culture is far more easily perceived to those from outside the organisation. An example of this type of action can be associated with Compaq Computers, who during the 1990s bought in a new CEO (Eckhard Pfeiffer), who within a year had a new strategy in place involving the complete overhaul of the company. Pfeiffer said: We had to recognise what had gone wrong and name the problems early. Only by asking for dramatic change can people see their way out of old habits. Sometimes it is more difficult to achieve a 10% cost reduction than it is to tell people they have to achieve 50%. Small incremental steps block your view of doing something fundamentally different12. The success of this strategy contradicts the beliefs of Quinn (1980) and Lindblom (1958)11 whose views on the value of logical incrementalism are highly regarded and instead offers support for the work of Mintzberg and Waters (1985)9. Alternatively there is the view that when organisations have a strongly shared vision or culture it is often easier for organisations to get things done more effectively (because it captures distinctive competences). If people share a common set of goals, a common perspective and vocabulary on what to do and how to accomplish it, it allows them to coordinate their behaviour more effectively. Managing through shared vision and with a strong org anisational culture has been a very popular prescription for organisations (Deal and Kennedy, 1982, Peters and Waterman 1982, Davies 1984)7, and is also supported by the actions of Pfeiffer who also wanted to preserve Compaqs culture, which stood for quality, service and innovation. I was 100% for culture. Let us keep the culture but let us solve our problems12. This view suggests that it is not always necessary to change the organisations culture in order to achieve an appropriate strategic change that the proposition being discussed is inaccurate and only represents one side of the argument. The work of Gagliardi4 suitably sums up all of the assumptions and contradictions discussed during this essay. Starting with Scheins view that values and assumptions are at the core of an organisations culture and adding that every organisations primary strategy is to protect the organisations identity rooted in those assumptions and values. He then discussed the possibility that ther e are a number of secondary strategies that are developed and implemented which bear in mind the primary strategy. These strategies may be directed towards the internal or external environment and are either instrumental (management of external problems of adaptation and internal problems of integration) or expressive (seek to protect the stability and coherence of shared meanings). In developing this concept Gagliardi traced three types of change, which arguably have formed the main threads of this essay. Firstly there is apparent change, which is where new problems are confronted by choosing from a range of different options permitted by the company culture. Secondary strategies only produce changes at a superficial level, as the organisation only adapts within the confines of its existing identity, similar to the process of logical incrementalism. Secondly Gagliardi proposes the concept of Cultural Incrementalism where a strategy stretches the existing organisational cu lture to include new values alongside its old ones. This is very much the approach taken by Pfeiffer in the overhaul of Compaq. Finally there is revolutionary change; Gagliardi argues this is where strategic change is imposed upon the organisation, which does not comply with existing cultural values and believes, and requires the organisation to create new values and symbols in order to achieve the desired change. In this case it is more appropriate to say that the old firm dies and a new firm, which has little in common with the first, is born. In other words strategic change doesnt always fit with the organisations culture. At one end of the scale exists that strategy which when aligned with the organisational values, does not require an appropriate cultural change. On the other hand when strategies are in conflict with assumptions and values, culture is either overthrown where it is then replaced or destroyed, or the strategy is resisted and never implemented. Somewhere in between those two extremes exists a middle ground or a compromise where strategies are different but not incompatible with assumptions and values, and it is only necessary to expand the existing culture so that it incorporates some new assumptions and values. In conclusion, Gagliardis model separated culture and strategy, by suggesting that different strategic moves have different effects on an organisations culture and the examples I have illustrated throughout this essay would seem to agree with that assertion. That whilst the proposition being analysed is partly correct, in light of the findings of this essay I offer a more discernable explanation, Organisational cultures sometimes fit with organisational strategy, but it isnt always appropriate to fit the culture with the strategy and vice versa and to quote Strebel (1996)10 successful change takes place on a path that is appropriate to the right situation and of which accordingly makes my point.

Operation Management of Nike Essay - 2231 Words

Operation management Nikes Operations management concerned about forecasting, controlling, designing, operating, and scheduling business operations in the production of Nike foot ware. Its excellent management that has been developed and ameliorated during the long term operation has enabled that business operations to be efficient and at the same time using as few resources as required. It is also effective in terms of satisfying customer demands, and thus it has become one of the key issue that Nike develop prosperously despite the fierce competitions with other foot ware giants such as Adidas, Reebok, Puma, etc. The operation management system includes manufacturing and production systems, equipment maintenance management,†¦show more content†¦A comprehensive monitoring tools were developed based on this management regulation. They hired compliance specialists in order to help, estimate and monitor all the contract factories in 51 different countries and conducted factory audits. The method h elped increase the companys reputation, added glory to the brand, and as a result become incentive of sales. The protection to worker is not only humanistic but also beneficial to the company. With the increase of staff salary, some of them would be more willing to buy Nike products that they may not be able to buy before, and may be more willing to promote the brand to their friends and relatives. Nike is almost a virtual company, as the company itself doesnt produce a single pair of shoes itself. All of the production activities, from design, production, storage to sales, are outsourced to the contract companies. However, it is the spirit, and the head quarter of the whole production. Such management strategy has greatly reduced labour cost, and this is one of the major reason why Nike shoes can compete with other famous or local foot ware brands at a relative low cost. Hence, the core competivity of the virtual company is its management. Through ameliorating itsShow MoreRelatedNike s Global Supply Chain Problem1072 Words   |  5 PagesNike’s global supply chain problem. Nike had encountered problems with the management of their global supply chain in the past. Nike is an iconic footwear and apparel manufacturer that operates in over 180 countries with reported revenues of $25.3 billion in 2013. Nike currently has 719 factories, employing 990,325 workers in 44 countries around the world. It is the world’s leading manufacturer and seller of athletic apparel and sports equipment. It takes its name from the Greek goddess of victoryRead MoreA Critical Tool Of Human Resource Management For Lean Manufacturing At Nike824 Words   |  4 PagesAs a critical tool of Human resource management for lean manufacturing at Nike, it helps to utilize their labor force’s continuous improvement by providing practices. The management at form of standardized CI such as quality award, institute improvement, external benchmarking programs. Additionally, Nike’s scoring card established to ensure all staffs by performing at Nike’s standards. Thoug h this new standard of factory self-governance, Nike is allowed for notifying their essential attention andRead MoreThe Main Influences On Operation Management1112 Words   |  5 PagesOperations management is an area of management concerned with overseeing, designing, and controlling the process of production and redesigning business operations in the production of goods or services. The main influences on operation management include; ï  ¶ Globalisation ï  ¶ Technology ï  ¶ Quality expectation ï  ¶ Cost-based competition ï  ¶ Government policies ï  ¶ Legal regulation ï  ¶ Environmental sustainability ï  ¶ Cooperate social responsibility (CSR) Globalisation Globalisation is the change in a businessRead MoreStrategic Management And Strategic Competitiveness1190 Words   |  5 PagesRunning head: STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT AND STRATEGIC COMPETITIVENESS 1 Strategic Management and Strategic Competitiveness Assignment 1 Gary Hobbs Strayer University BUS 499 - Business Administration Capstone Professor Kristina Barnes October 15, 2015 STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT AND STRATEGIC COMPETITIVENESS 5 Strategic Management and Strategic Competitiveness The paper that I m writing will help you to gain information on how Strategic Management and Strategic Competitiveness play handRead MoreNike Macro Environmental Analysis Essay699 Words   |  3 PagesPA1: Nike - Environmental Marketing Analysis Mahendranath Gunti BUS 510 - Marketing Management Westcliff University Instructor: Dr. Geraldine Goodstone Nike is a global brand headquartered in the United States, Europe, and the Asia Pacific region, specialized in the manufacturing of athletic apparel, footwear, accessories and equipment. Nike products can be found in over 20,000 retail stores. This paper focuses on the six macroeconomic factors (political, Economic, Social, Technology, LegalRead MoreStrategic Management And Strategic Competitiveness1133 Words   |  5 PagesStrategic Management and Strategic Competitiveness The paper that I’m writing will help you to gain information on how Strategic Management and Strategic Competitiveness play hand and hand when dealing with a business. The business that I have choose to write about is Nike. I have always wanted to know the practices that Nike used in order to make their business last this long and how have they been so successful. I will explain to you how globalization and technology changes have helped or hurtRead MoreNike Marketing Plan Essay1675 Words   |  7 Pagesendeavors to recommend a viable marketing plan for the footwear giant, Nike. The plan has been adequately substantiated with thorough research on different factors affecting the firm along with various ways of addressing future challenges. This research paper highlights that Nike is confronted with multifarious issues which need to be negotiated amicably. Result of the study concludes that there is still a world waiting for the Nike to be exploited, outsmarting its competit ors employing its innovativeRead MoreNike CSR Analysis1581 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿ CSR Analysis and Impact on Operations Nike has a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics that includes its commitment to the environment and is a signatory of the UN Global Compact. Nike has created a team of sustainability managers led by an independent director. Its environmental goals include producing eco-friendly products and minimizing its environmental impact through the reduction of greenhouse gases, organic solvents and PVCs. Nike acknowledges the difficulty of tracking environmentalRead MoreCorporate Governance of Nike1748 Words   |  7 Pagesincrease its capital is a corporation. There are also non-profit corporations organized for religious, educational, charitable or public service purposes. One of the corporations are the â€Å"Nike, Inc† which in other words can be said a company. And what here will be discussed the process how a corporate body that is Nike governs, ethic of it and the corporate responsibility of it upon the business world and balance of interest of the stakeholders such as Government, Employees, Customers, Suppliers, CreditorsRead MoreThe Supply Sequence Management ( Scm ) Along With Erp Software Implementation1653 Words   |  7 Pagesalong with Demand Setting up software setup at Nike, a respected Footwear along with Apparel company. The case traces the history of supply chain along with ERP software implementation in Nike along with presents the explanation behind his or her implementation. It particulars the conditions that led to the SCM software implementation failure and as well examines the actual steps consumed by Nike to system. Finally, the case explores precisely how Nike was able to use the training from the actual failure

The Causes and Negative Effects of Global Warming Essay

Global warming is one of the biggest problems facing our world today, that threatens to take away everything we have. our temperatures are slowly deliberately accumulating, and with that, our world is crumbling. Global warming is avoidable, but us humans need to take a step forward and hinder it. since the 1900s, our world evoked entering the era of industrialization, and global warming also suddenly erupted before anyone noticed. Global warming is permanent and cannot be reversed. We have to act now as a group and stop global warming before it is too late. Global warming has many negative effects. When people hear the term global warming, they usually think of all the countries being very hot and people getting heat strokes. However,†¦show more content†¦The greenhouse gasses in our atmosphere play a big role in global warming. The greenhouse gases include water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and halocarbons. The greenhouse effect is a term for the effect that certain variables have on the lower atmosphere. Greenhouse gasses are trace gasses meaning that these gasses will appear and disappear from time to time. Water vapor makes up 60% of the greenhouse gasses and thus, making it the most important greenhouse gas. Greenhouse gasses keep the Earth at around 58 oF. Without them, the Earth would be at around -2 oF and the oceans would be frozen. Global warming will increase the amount of greenhouse gases leading to melting of polar ice caps, harsher environment, and countries eventually sinking and from the remai ns from glaciers and ice caps. Global warming is one of the biggest problems in the world at this time. We have to act now as a group to stop it. There are many ways to help slow down global warming. We can all take small steps together and start of by reusing, reducing, and recycling. The next step we take will be to use a little bit less air conditioning and heating when possible. We will burn of less natural gas by doing this. The next step will benefit everyone of us a lotShow MoreRelatedThe Threat Posed by Global Warming Essay examples1359 Words   |  6 PagesGlobal Warming Introduction The environmental situation in the world is worsening on a regular basis mostly due to the pollution caused by human-made activities. The global warming and climate change do not only affect people’s health and nature but also the economy forcing people to invent ways in order to reduce the negative impact of this natural catastrophe. This paper will describe the nature of global warming, as well as the basic causes and effects of this continuous rise of the Earth’sRead MoreEssay about Causes and Effects of Global Warming on Our World1498 Words   |  6 PagesGlobal Warming is a universal concern that has gained worldwide attention. As members of Congress, we have heard and learned new and different facts about the process of Earth. Some causes and effects of global warming are easy to understand, with substantial evidence, yet there are still unanswered questions and reasoning as to why global warming is occurring. This essay is to outline the background of global war ming and to display opposing viewpoints. Since there is not enough evidential researchRead MoreThe Effects of Global Warming on the Earth990 Words   |  4 PagesGlobal Warming Earth’s temperature is a vital aspect to Earth and its surroundings. The atmospheric temperature along with natural gases is the significant reasons why Earth inhabits all of its life. When there are changes that alter the natural affects of Earth’s environment there are factors that places the environment at risk. Increase warming of global temperatures account as a major concern of Earth’s surroundings. Global warming is a prominent source to consider how and why the environmentRead MoreThe Effects Of Global Warming On The World1235 Words   |  5 PagesThey may not be feeling the effects of global warming at the moment, but in time it will become a more widespread issue. The effects of global warming are hard to refute, and there is endless evidence of this growing problem in our world today. The continuation of global warming is a serious threat to everyone and everything on Earth. Global warming has been a problem for over a hundred years, and it continues to grow every day. The first evidence of global warming was discovered in 1859 by JohnRead MoreClimate Change And Global Warming1630 Words   |  7 PagesClimate Related Threats Global warming will lead to uncontrollable devastation such as famine, war, and economic instability. Climate change will accelerate the dislocation of hundreds of millions of people and the extinction of many species. The negative effects of climate change are obvious on every continent. Professor Le Quere, director of the Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research at the University of East Anglia said, The human influence on climate change is clear. The atmosphere andRead MoreGlobal Warming And Its Effect On The Global Environment1144 Words   |  5 PagesGlobal warming has emerged as one of the most serious concerns for scientists and environmentalists in the 21st century. This is based on the negative impact of global warming, which is not limited to deforestation, drastic variations in climate, decline in output of global agricultural industry, degradation of ice sheets in Antarctic, decrease in ocean productivity, rise in sea levels, and increase in tornadoes, hurricanes an d floods. The primary reason for global warming has been identified asRead MoreGlobal Warming Is The Biggest Threat Facing The Country988 Words   |  4 Pagesmentioned that global warming is one of the urgent and growing threat to â€Å"national security†(Nakamura, 2015, para 1). Presidential contender/Senator/ Bernie Sanders also pointed out that â€Å"global warming, not terrorism or nuclear weapon proliferation or chinese hacking, is the biggest threat facing the country†(Follett, 2015, para 1). Global warming contribute to the death of 400,000 people a year and costing the world more than $1.2 trillion, which is about 1.6% of the annual global GDP (Harvey, 2012Read MoreHow Has Global Warming Effect Snowfall Across The United States?868 Words   |  4 PagesHow has Global Warming effect snowfall across the United States? Everyone in the world is affected by global warming in some way and usually blames it on the warm weather that one is experiencing. But we really don’t really know why this is happening other than the fossil fuels we are burning and the greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Sometimes in life we have to take a step back and look at the broader picture and take a different perspective into the situation. When thinking about global warmingRead MoreHow Are We Affected by Global Warming and How Can We Stop It?1259 Words   |  6 PagesHow are we effected by global warming and how can we stop it? Global warming directly effects everyone and everything on Earth. The concentration of greenhouse gasses is climbing at an alarming rate. Many negative issues will take place if nothing is done stop the destruction of the Earths atmosphere. Humans, plants, and animals contribute to the cycle of life on earth. The extinction of plants and animals caused by global warming can lead to worldwide panic. The future flooding of the EarthRead MoreFactors that Cause Global Warming792 Words   |  3 PagesA few factors cause global warming. First,the main factors of global warming is human population explain, which also threatens the balance between man and nature. Second, People cut down trees to make more than a certain carbon dioxide content of the Earth such as wearing a jacket, it will produce the greenhouse effect , the Earth will warm , the iceberg will melt , sea levels will rise, the weather will be an exception. Global warming refers to the increase in global temperatures . Nearly 1 00 years

1960s Essay Example For Students

1960s Essay Increased youth crime rate is caused largely by absent fathers as a result of divorce made too easy. Consider this chilling forecast. When we pass the year 2000, we will see two groups of working age adults emerging. One group will have received psychological, social, economic, educational and moral benefits and the other group will have been denied them all. The first group will have grown up with a father present in the house and the second group will have not had a father present. The groups will be roughly equal in size. In order to be divorced in my parents era of the fifties, one mate had to be proven adulterous. Legally, one party was deemed guilty and one was innocent. That finding affected each party financially and socially enough so that most couples tried hard not to divorce. In Canada the rate of divorce in 1951 was one out of twenty couples. In the late sixties, the sexual revolution began and couples rebelled against the constraints of marriage. Movie makers and journalists became rich extolling the virtues of free love and liberation. The addition of more grounds for divorce and the elimination of the need to appear in court made it easier for couples to split. Now there are no fault divorces which further decrease the stigma. By 1987 one out of two couples divorced. Since then, the annual divorce rate has dipped slightly. The stigma is almost gone. Books are written about doing your own divorce. One can obtain a low budget quickie divorce by phone or fax to the Dominican Republic in about three days. There are divorce parties. Even the Royal Family discusses its divorce dilemmas on t. v. The divorce picture is not all rosy. According to sociologist Lenore Weitzman, divorced women get by on about 64% of the income they had during marriage. For their children, this translates into less money for school activities, clothes, opportunities for traveling and learning, day care and sometimes food. Children can be called on to do adult tasks before they are ready, like caring for younger siblings. Older children may be required to work long hours at a job to help bring money to the family. As a result, they may fall behind in their school work. After a while, the child may feel it is hopeless to try to keep up and decide to quit school. At this point a girl may decide to get pregnant and bear a child. She may feel that in doing so her life will have more meaning and she will receive unconditional love from the child. A U.S. National Longitudinal Survey of Youth reveals that 27% of girls from divorced families become mothers versus 11% of girls from traditional families. For boys, leaving school generally means a succession of low paying jobs or life on the streets. Certainly our fatherless society cannot be blamed for all juvenile delinquency but it is a major contributor. Morals are taught best within the confines of a stable home with both parents present. Retired Edmonton Police Service Superintendent Chris Braiden, notes that in the thirty year period in which violent youth crime rose by 300% in the U.S., the number of single parent families rose by 300% and the divorce rate doubled, the same as it did in Canada. Seventy percent of juvenile offenders in the U. S. jails grew up without a There is a drastic shortage of positive male role models. There is no doubt about it; single mothers have and can continue to raise good and responsible children. It takes the physical and emotional strength of Hercules to do it and I have great respect for mothers who have succeeded. .u823ed8b244517b5b706877cabf4e387f , .u823ed8b244517b5b706877cabf4e387f .postImageUrl , .u823ed8b244517b5b706877cabf4e387f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u823ed8b244517b5b706877cabf4e387f , .u823ed8b244517b5b706877cabf4e387f:hover , .u823ed8b244517b5b706877cabf4e387f:visited , .u823ed8b244517b5b706877cabf4e387f:active { border:0!important; } .u823ed8b244517b5b706877cabf4e387f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u823ed8b244517b5b706877cabf4e387f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u823ed8b244517b5b706877cabf4e387f:active , .u823ed8b244517b5b706877cabf4e387f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u823ed8b244517b5b706877cabf4e387f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u823ed8b244517b5b706877cabf4e387f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u823ed8b244517b5b706877cabf4e387f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u823ed8b244517b5b706877cabf4e387f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u823ed8b244517b5b706877cabf4e387f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u823ed8b244517b5b706877cabf4e387f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u823ed8b244517b5b706877cabf4e387f .u823ed8b244517b5b706877cabf4e387f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u823ed8b244517b5b706877cabf4e387f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Money Matters Essay My own mother did it. But the numbers show that lack of fathers contribute greatly to juvenile crime. Lately, the role of the father is superfluous. He has been reduced to being a household helper or a child support payer. His role is important because he provides a love that is different than the mothers. Mothers love is unconditional. Fathers love is sought after and earned through achievement. The child must work for this love. This type of love may sound like unreal love, but I think it is real. The lucky child is the one who has the benefit of both kinds of The father can yield the power to invoke fear among children. This sounds bad but it isnt. Of course, the father can be friendly and loving but never underestimate the power of fear to keep them in line. I am not talking about laying a hand on the children, just the idea of something bad happening if they dont shape up. I can attest to the success of fear in my own family. It works! Without the father present, children are ripe for becoming anything their peers want them to be. They find it hard to resist temptation to be dishonest or criminal. There is no father to answer to. Yes, there is Mom to answer to but she is usually not as intimidating as a father. In the community, a safer street is one where there are fathers out mowing the lawn or fixing a car. A child is less apt to commit a crime with fathers visibly present. There is a saying that it takes a whole community to raise a child. Mothers set the standards for the community and fathers enforce them. To get back on the course of a family oriented instead of a divorce oriented society, I feel we should start with acknowledgment of the sad state of affairs our families are in. We should recognize the link divorce has to youth crime. We should pay close attention to what makes successful families and model ours after theirs. We need to recognize that marriage and parenting is a difficult job but can be oh-so-rewarding. Childrens needs should always come first. If there are marital difficulties, couples should commit to counseling unless the situation is dangerous for the mother and children. I feel couples should give themselves a year of work, then re-evaluate their marriage. Applaud organizations such as Al Gores Father to Father program and the group Promise Keepers. These groups seek to elevate Several years ago, Vice President Dan Quayle accused t.v. character Murphy Brown of ridiculing the two parent family. He endured a lot of ridicule himself from people of conservative and liberal beliefs. Now even President Bill Clinton concedes that Dan Quayle was Bibliography:Blankenhorn, David. Perspectives on Fatherhood; Between Haves and Have-nots: We need a credible national agenda to reverse the trend of fathers being superfluous to family life. ; Home edition, Los Angeles Times, 20 Jun 1993, pp. M-5 McGovern, Celeste. The Mirage of easy divorce., Vol. 22, Alberta Report/Western Report, 28 Aug 1995, pp. 28

The Worn Path free essay sample

With her long dress and unlaced shoes, Phoenix Jackson the protagonist of the story lets nothing stop her on her journey in the frigid December weather. In Eudora Welty’s â€Å"A Worn Path,† Phoenix Jackson is an unpredictable old Negro woman who is determined to acquire the medication for her â€Å"ill†grandson, and through all of the tough obstacles she somehow pulls through and reaches her goal, aside from her thoughts that ties into the story. It seems like she is living in denial and as if she has walked this whole â€Å"worn path† only to compensate herself and make herself feel better about the true situation she is in after the loss of her grandson. In â€Å"A Worn Path,† Eudora Welty portrays Phoenix as a very old and small Negro woman who may seem ready to pass through anything that is thrown her way, but the descriptions of some events contain psychological connection to the story line. We will write a custom essay sample on The Worn Path or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The story itself is quite simple but the way Welty uses metaphors and irony is how the psychological connection comes into play. Phoenix may always seem to know what exactly is going on around her, but the way she describes certain events can lead us to believe she’s not exactly in the right state of mind. Her denial thoughts leave us to not know any of her upcoming reactions. First, Phoenix shows she is experiencing some Denial hallucinations such as when she describes the little boy bringing her a piece of marble cake and when she reaches out to take it from his hand Welty explains, â€Å"But when she went to take it there was just her hand in the air. † The dark setting of this story shows she may be feeling quite lonely and that is why she may have thought she saw a little boy. This little boy may have just been a past thought of her young grandson. Also, Welty wrote in her story that Phoenix later went through a â€Å"corn maze† when really there was no path at all, but it led her to a scarecrow that Phoenix thought was a ghost. She asked the â€Å"ghost† a few simple questions, but when she got no answer that is when she realized it was just a scarecrow, yet she still talked to him as if he were a real person and she says, â€Å"My senses is gone I too old. I the oldest people I ever know. Dance, old scarecrow† She said, â€Å"while I dancing with you. †(Welty). Next, Phoenix shows some different acts of denial when she comes about the scarecrow she seems as if she is a bit relieved when she realizes that it was not a ghost like she thought. We know she seems relieved because after seeing it was not a ghost Welty describes Phoenix’s face as, â€Å"Her face lighted†. When being relieved that the scarecrow was not a ghost, but then not being scared at all when the hunter later pointed his gun right at her face. She seems to not stick with just one sense in her personality Phoenix shows moments when she is aware of the truth and other when she’s in denial. The scarecrow for instance could have also reminded her of her grandson in the sense that she thought it was a ghost and when the hunter pointed the gun to her face maybe she was not afraid because she knows that her grandson is not just ill, but he has already passed on so she misses him enough to not care if she would be shot to death and later be reunited with him in heaven. According to Frauds theory Psychoanalytical Criticism he argues that ‘we develop defenses: selective perception, selective memory, denial, displacement, projection, regression, fear of intimacy, and fear of death, among others. Later, towards the ending of the story, Welty portrays Phoenix as being confused as well. As Phoenix is sitting in the doctor’s office she says nothing back to the nurse who is asking her questions, she just sits upright in her chair with a straight look on her face. The nurse asks a few questions, but one question really triggers Phoenix and she finally answers back. The nurse asked, â€Å"Tell us quickly about your grandson, and get it over. He isnt dead, is he? † and that is when Phoenix replies, â€Å"My grandson. It was my memory had left me. There I sat and forgot why I made my long trip. † The whole time in the doctor’s office she acts as if she is confused and has lost all parts to her memory. This also could be because she does not want to admit that her grandson has passed away, therefor Phoenix is in denial and does not even know what’s real or fake anymore and is in a state of confusion. â€Å"The Worn Path† by Eudora Welty is about an African American that uses her determination to head into town for Medicine for her grandson. This is where Jackson faces most of her obstacles during the journey, but she fears nothing because of the state of denial she is in. Phoenix is showing signs of not knowing what’s going on in true reality compared to what she wants to be true, however this is where is think the denial comes into play. She’s in denial that her grandson is dead, and when she encounters the hunter, scarecrow that is the reason we get two different reactions because she is a state of denial that she doesn’t know what real anymore. Therefore, we as readers are left in a state questioning ourselves whether or not Phoenix’s grandson is dead or alive.

5 Job Networking Tips for Introverts

5 Job Networking Tips for Introverts Networking is hard for everyone. It’s even harder when you’re shy. But shyness and introversion, while very reasonable explanations for why you might be frightened in social situations, aren’t going to cut it as excuses. Here are five things you can do to make yourself more comfortable getting out there, opening up a bit, and knowing what to say during those awkward pauses in conversations with people you don’t know.1. Fake fearlessnessStride on up to someone, introduce yourself, and then put the ball back in their court. People love talking about themselves. A simple â€Å"What do you do?† can take the conversational heat off you entirely, at least until you get your bearings.2. Read upThe more well-versed you are in current events and business news, and even what’s hot on the bestseller shelves, the easier you’ll be able to stay fluent while conversing. You’ll always have something interesting to contribute, and you’ll give people a wide range things to say to keep the ball rolling.3. Ask for a secondThere’s only so much you can accomplish while mingling in a crowded room. If this is a good contact for you, or you’ve hit it off particularly well, consider asking your interlocutor to chat over coffee somewhere more relaxed instead.4. Follow upWithin 24 hours, dig that card out of your purse and follow up. An email or a handwritten note (even better) can really distinguish you, and ensure that you’ve made- and maintained- a connection. (Victory!)5. Know when to fold ‘emSometimes two people just don’t have the kind of conversational chemistry required to hit it off. If you can tell it’s crashing and burning, excuse yourself. A simple â€Å"If you’ll excuse me,† or â€Å"Well, I won’t keep you† will often do the trick.Remember, you’re shy, you’re not a leper. Take care of yourself in social situations, get your connecti ons made, then go home and relax knowing you’ve done your work.Building Your Network: 5 Tips For Shy Networkers

Management Portfolio Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words - 3

Management Portfolio - Essay Example The ability to understand and coordinate with numerous a numbers of disciplines and functions within a civil engineering domain is clearly portrayed in the essay. Finally adopting the techniques related to innovation within the limits of framework leading to sustainable construction and effective quality management for understanding the requirements of end users. Major focus areas of civil engineering study demands the conceptual understanding about the complexity of infrastructure with more components like Operations Research, Maintenance of men, machine and materials, Adaptation & Conversion and Refurbishment & Renewal. The next critical factor will be the factors like project size and environment. Project size can range from small to medium and the type could be large scale creation and type of built environment for example regeneration. There are cross functional processes adding more value to the civil engineering through effective concept and design of values leading to full fledged functionality of civil engineering. Major focus areas requiring attention apart from construction mechanism are All the above determinants help us to understand the intrinsic aspects of civil engineering and also derive the correlation between civil engineering with the specific functions. In addition to the above determinants, there is strong need for designing an effective document control process to ensure accuracy and compliance on the management portfolio with relevant data management processes. The entire portfolio is presented with effective case studies, schematic diagrams and data tables for better understanding and application. Let us review the relation of civil engineering with various domains and their advantages and disadvantages using different case studies of construction companies for more practical understanding and application. The Case